Minecraft 25w31a

06 Aug 2025

The Copper Golem! See the changelog.

Copper Chest

Copper chests have 3 hardness and 2.5 blast resistance. Note that the blast resistance is the same as regular chests, and different from other copper blocks (6).

Copper chests can be waterlogged.

The correct tool for copper chests is a stone pickaxe or stronger. Mining with an incorrect tool will cause the chest’s contents to drop, but not the chest itself.

Copper chests weather at the same rate as other copper blocks. If a copper chest is part of a double chest, only the left chest weathers. Copper chests will not weather if they are open.

Copper Golem

The copper golem is 0.875 blocks wide, 1 block tall, and has en eye height of 0.8125. They have 12 max health, can step up one block, and their movement speed attribute is 0.2.

Copper golems can breathe underwater and are immune to fall damage.

Although copper golems visually have a lightning rod, they do not attract lightning.

When a copper golem spawns, it waits 3 seconds before sorting items.

When a player interacts with a copper golem with an empty hand, the golem throws its held item towards the player with the same mechanics as allays and piglins.

When attacked, copper golems panic and run at 1.5× speed for 5-6 seconds.

Copper golems drop 1-3 copper ingots (1-6 with Looting III) on death with varying chances based on the looting level:

Count	1	2	3	4	5	6	Avg
No Looting	1/3	1/3	1/3				2
Looting I	1/6	2/6	2/6	1/6			2.5
Looting II	1/12	3/12	4/12	3/12	1/12		3
Looting III	1/18	3/18	5/18	5/18	3/18	1/18	3.5

Oxidization

Copper golems spawn with the same oxidization level as the copper block that created it. However, if the copper block is waxed, the copper golem will not be waxed.

Copper golems oxidize once every 7 hours to 7 hours 40 minutes. If the copper golem has just spawned or a player has just scraped it with an axe, it waits one extra tick before oxidizing. The golem does not have to be loaded for the timer to count down, but it does have to be loaded for it to oxidize to the next stage.

If a copper golem is fully oxidized when it oxidizes again, it will try to turn into a statue every tick until it succeeds (or is scraped/waxed). A copper golem can turn into a statue if:

• Its position is in an air block
• Its position is within a cylinder with radius 0.15 blocks (exclusive) from the block’s middle and height 0.2 blocks (exclusive) above the block’s bottom

Note that the copper golem can turn into a statue midair, it does not have to be standing on a block.

When a copper golem freezes into a statue, it freezes into a random pose. No entity data is saved except for its name.

Copper golems do not de-oxidize when struck by lightning.

Waxing or unwaxing a copper golem does not grant the “Wax On” and “Wax Off” advancements.

Chest Searching

The copper golem does not know what is inside each chest until it actually visits that chest. It has no memory of what was inside each chest.

If the copper golem does not have a target chest, it searches for chests in a 65×17×65 block box centered on the golem’s current block. It searches for only copper chests if it is not holding anything, and only chests or trapped chests if it is holding an item.

The golem compares the distance between its position and each chest block’s center (at (0.5, 0.5, 0.5)), then picks the closest. If two chests are the exact same distance apart (with double precision), then ties are broken by minimum chunk Z coordinate, then minimum chunk X coordinate. If multiple chests are the exact same distance apart and in the same chunk, the golem picks an arbitrary chest.

If the golem can’t find a target chest, it forgets its visited chests and will wait 7 seconds before trying again.

Once a chest has been picked, the copper golem marks it as visited, excluding it from search. Only a single chest is marked as visited, though the other side of a double chest is also excluded from search. Note that “visited chests” is a misnomer: a chest is marked as visited before the golem actually walks over to it.

If a player makes the copper golem drop its items (or a golem holding nothing is given items with commands), it forgets its target chest, but does not forget the chests it has visited. This means that if a copper golem has tried to put an item in 7 chests when a player removes its item, then it will only check up to 3 copper chests before giving up.

If the target chest has been broken, the copper golem will find a new target, though that block position is still marked as visited (so the golem will check one less chest before giving up). If the target chest is part of a double chest, and the other side was broken, the copper golem still sees it as a valid target.

If the copper golem is unloaded, it forgets its target chest, but does not forget that it marked the chest as visited. The copper golem will immediately find a new target, effectively skipping the old target.

Pathfinding

To reach a chest horizontally, the copper golem’s hitbox must be less than 0.2 blocks from the chest’s hitbox in both the X and Z axes (chessboard distance).

Copper golems can reach a chest:

• One block higher if it is standing on anything taller than 0.5 blocks tall (or the golem is midair at the equivalent y-level)
• At the same level always
• One block lower if it is standing on anything shorter than 0.375 blocks tall (or the golem is midair at the equivalent y-level)

These two copper golems are barely out of reach of the chest:

The copper golem will try to get as close as possible to the target chest before giving up and picking a new target. The golem will walk as close as it can get to the target, and if it still can’t reach, then it moves on to the next target.

A copper golem will give up trying to reach a chest and find a new target if:

• The current copper golem’s hitbox is less than 0.5 blocks from the chest’s hitbox in both the X and Z axes (chessboard distance)
• The copper golem’s position is within 0.5 blocks (inclusive) to 2 blocks (exclusive) below the chest

Queuing

A copper golem will start queuing if:

• Another copper golem is interacting with the target chest
• The current copper golem’s hitbox is less than 3 blocks from the chest’s hitbox in both the X and Z axes (chessboard distance)
• The target chest is within vertical reach

When a copper golem starts queuing, it stops in place and waits for the other copper golem to finish placing items inside the chest. There is no limit to how many golems can wait for a single chest, or how long a copper golem can wait.

Item Sorting

When a copper golem reaches its target chest, it opens the chest one tick later, preventing other copper golems from also opening it. After 3 seconds total, it tries to pick up items from a copper chest, or place items in a regular chest or trapped chest, then closes the chest and finds a new target chest the next tick.

Copper golems sort purely based on the item type, or its item ID (visible by pressing F3+H). Copper golems do not consider enchantments, potion contents, durability, shulker box contents, custom names, or any other data components.

The copper golem only reads what items are in the chest after the 3 second wait. If the chest’s contents change while the copper golem is looking inside, those changes will affect what the golem can place inside.

Copper golems always place items in the first possible slot, even if other slots contain the same item.

If multiple copper golems reach the same chest on the same tick, they can interact with the chest at the same time. The first copper golem that is ticked will read what’s in the chest and place an item, the second copper golem will read what’s in the chest and place an item, and so on.

Breaking a copper golem’s target chest while it is looking inside will prevent the copper golem from picking up or placing items. The copper golem will find a new target, though that block position is still marked as visited.

When a copper golem reaches its target chest, it immediately reads the chest’s contents and decides which sound and animation to play. If the chest’s contents change afterwards, the sound and animation may not match what the copper golem actually does, meaning the subtitle can be incorrect.

Subtitle	Sound	Animation
Copper Golem is placing an item	item_drop	Places item
Copper Golem can’t place an item	item_no_drop	Spins head
Copper Golem is picking up item	no_item_get	Picks up item
Copper Golem can’t pick up item	no_item_no_get	Spins head

When a copper golem successfully places its last item, it forgets its visited chests, allowing it to check up to 10 copper chests before giving up.

Entity Data

The weather_state integer field stores 0-3 for unoxidized, exposed, weathered, and oxidized respectively.

The next_weather_age integer field keeps track of when the next oxidization happens:

• If -2, the copper golem is waxed and will not oxidize.
• If -1 (or any number less than -2), the copper golem will pick a time to oxidize on the next tick.
• Otherwise, next_weather_age is the earliest game time in ticks when the next oxidization happens.

The copper golem introduces two new behavior memories:

• Integer transport_item_cooldown_ticks: Countdown timer to when the golem will start transporting items again
• List visited_block_positions: List of visited chest positions
  • Compound Tag: A block position
    • Int Array pos: The block coordinates [x, y, z]
    • String dimension: The dimension as a namespaced ID

Copper Golem Statue

Copper golem statues have 3 hardness. Completely unoxidized statues have 6 blast resistance, while exposed, weathered, and oxidized statues have 2.5 blast resistance.

Copper golem statues can be waterlogged. If a copper golem spawns from a waterlogged statue, the water is not removed.

Fully non-oxidized copper golem statues can be mined with any tool, while correct tool for exposed, weathered, and oxidized copper golem statues is a wooden pickaxe or stronger.

Copper golem statues weather at the same rate as other copper blocks.

Copper golems have four poses: standing, sitting, running, and star, with a comparator output of 1-4 respectively.

Copper Equipment

All copper tools have 5 mining efficiency and can mine the same blocks as stone tools. See the wiki for a list of block breaking speeds.

Type	Attack	Durability
Sword	5	190
Pickaxe	3	190
Axe	9	190
Shovel	3.5	190
Hoe	1	190

Type	Armor	Durability
Helmet	2	121
Chestplate	4	176
Leggings	3	165
Boots	1	143

All copper tools have 13 enchantability, and all copper armor has 8 enchantability (see the wiki for details).

Spawning

If a mob spawns with armor, the chances it will have certain armor tiers equipped has changed:

Tier	Old	New
Leather	37.061%	33.540%
Copper	N/A	47.623%
Gold	48.732%	16.301%
Chain	12.896%	2.373%
Iron	1.268%	0.1593%
Diamond	0.0429%	0.00407%

Shelf

All shelves have 2 hardness and 3 blast resistance. Their flammability is the same as bookshelves, having 30 “ignite odds” and 20 “burn odds”.

Shelves can be used as fuel in a furnace, burning for 15 seconds, or enough to smelt 1.5 items.

Shelves can be waterlogged.

Redstone Interactions

When a shelf is powered, it first connects to as many shelves to the left as it can, then it connects to shelves on the right if possible.

Comparators will output:

• 1 if there is only an item in the left slot
• 2 if there is only an item in the middle slot
• 4 if there is only an item in the right slot

If multiple slots contain an item, the comparator will output the total, up to a maximum power of 7. This is equivalent to reading a 3-bit binary number backwards, where placed items are 1 bits, and the left slot represents the least significant bit.

Hoppers and droppers can place items in shelves in left-to-right order, and hoppers can take items from shelves in left-to-right order.

Lightning Rods

All lightning rods weather at the same rate as other copper blocks.

Mobs

The game no longer emits an entity_mount vibration (frequency 6) when:

• A player logs in while riding a vehicle
• When an entity riding a vehicle is loaded
• An entity converts to another type of entity while riding a vehicle
• A vehicle teleports across dimensions
• When a jockey spawns

Debug Screen

Three debug features were not previously available (except through modding):

• chunk_section_octree
• chunk_section_paths
• chunk_section_visibility

Assets

Removed textures/misc/white.png.

Tags

Added the #lightning_rods and #wooden_shelves item and block tags.

Networking

If the server encounters an exception during the networking phase, the client will be disconnected with the “Unexpected error during configuration” error message.

GameTest

The default search radius when using the /test command to find/run/clear tests was increased from 200 to 250 blocks.

Test structures spawned through the /test command will now clear all blocks and entities (except players) inside.

Command-Line Options

When the launcher starts the game in offline mode, it supplies the new --offlineDeveloperMode argument. It disables contacting the auth servers and fetching the profile’s keypair.

Edits

Aug 6 2025

• Added weather_state to copper golem entity data
• Corrected copper golem statue blast resistances

Aug 7 2025

• Simplified the conditions when a copper golem can freeze into a statue
• Copper golem waits an extra tick to oxidize on spawn and after scraping

Aug 10 2025

• Copper golems always place items in the first available slot